@article{oai:kyoritsu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003343,
 author = {西村, 史子 and Nishimura, Fumiko},
 journal = {共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要, The Kyoritsu journal of international studies},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The purpose of this paper is to make it clear whether the “education by choice” will be financed publicly in the U. S..
As of March 2018, there are six states whose legislature passed the bills of Education Savings Account（ ESA） program, what is called, universal voucher. This policy is the evolution type of school choice. Parents are provided a set amount, which the state pays into their debit account. They can use the money for various education purposes such as private school tuition and fees, online courses, extracurricular activities, private tutoring and therapies.
Nevada is the third state that enacted the ESA in 2015, following Arizona and Florida and the first one to make it available for almost all the students in the state. Any k-12 student who has enrolled in the public school for at least 90 days can apply for the program. The ESA students cannot attend a public school concurrently.
The program was expected to start the next year, however, which has been challenged in the state court. The Nevada Supreme Court decided on the two cases combined that the ESA does not violate the church state separation clause of the state constitution, but which prohibits the public school funding is used for other education purposes. It ordered the state government to make a new funding mechanism for the ESA, which had been allotted to the public school education category.
Although the governor tried again to form the budget for the next fiscal years, the political power balance had already changed and the Democrats replaced the Republic in the legislature, where never admits the Republic governorʼs proposal for the new budget plan. Nevadaʼs ESA program has kept the parents for waiting without the state fund provided for more than two years.
In the Nevadaʼs ESA case, there seems to be a shift of the stateʼs role in the public education. The state has begun to escape from providing the equitable education for all and instead subsidize the parents who can reach the adequate education services for their children. Some research results have proved this tendency. The opponents of the ESA still condemn it supports the religious education and fear that the exodus from the public schools might lead to the shortfall of their fund and ruin the common public good being built there for the society.
To avoid the law suit it is desirable the ESA program should be funded through the tax credit system for the donation to the private scholarship foundations owing to the distance between the state government and religious education. The tax credit policy has been regarded as an effective vehicle to develop the school choice rather than voucher. It should not be the state treasurer but the private foundation that transfers the money into the parents’ bank account for the legal stability.},
 pages = {63--73},
 title = {ネバダ州におけるESAプログラムの行方},
 volume = {36},
 year = {2019},
 yomi = {ニシムラ, フミコ}
}